6.1.4 Globalization and nationalism

News article

Trump tariffs are reshaping old alliances as the global south plots its own path

Countries from Brazil to India – hit by 50% tariffs from Wednesday – are exploring collective resistance as Trump uses trade to assert political and economic power

The Guardian · 27 August 2025

Words to be defined

• Anti-globalisation
  • A social movement critical of economic globalisation.

• Globalisation
  • ”the growing interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology” [IMF]

• Nationalism
  • A political movement or belief that holds that a nation has the right to an independent political development based on a shared history and common destiny, often involving a strong feeling of patriotism, loyalty to one’s country, and sometimes a feeling of superiority over people from other countries.

• Populism
  • Refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against "the elite." Populist parties and social movements are often led by charismatic or dominant figures who present themselves as "the voice of the people." According to the ideational approach, populism is often combined with other ideologies, such as nationalism, liberalism, or socialism.

• Tribalisation
  • The rise of "us and them" political and cultural movements, often in opposition to globalisation or Westernisation, linked to the emergence of "culture wars" and defensive forms of identity politics.