2.3.4 Civil society and corporate strategies

Content

Geographic inquiry and concept(s)
- Possibilities for responding to climate change and power over the decision-making process
Geographic knowledge and understanding
- Government-led adaptation and mitigation strategies for global climate change: carbon emissions offsetting and trading
- Civil society and corporate strategies to address global climate change
Case study or detailed examples
- Case study of the response to climate change in one country focusing on the actions of non-governmental stakeholders
Aims of this lesson
- To have knowledge and understanding of how civil society groups can mitigate global climate change.
- To have knowledge and understanding of how corporations can mitigate global climate change.

From retailers to banks, carmakers to councils, the bold pledges for carbon-neutral economies are being watered down or scrapped

The Guardian · 20 December 2025

Civil society
- The aggregate of non-governmental organisations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens.

Corporate social responsibility
- A self-regulatory business model practised by large and small companies. The concept allows businesses to be socially accountable to their stakeholders and the public. By adopting clear CSR strategies, companies accept responsibility for their impact on society (including all economic, social, and environmental aspects).

Non-governmental stakeholders
- Organisations or movements that work independently of governments to address matters of public concern.

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Outline how a carbon trading scheme operates. [2]
Suggest two limitations of carbon offsetting as a strategy for reducing global emissions. [4]
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are the best framework for addressing both resource consumption and climate change. To what extent do you agree with this statement? [10]
Adaptation strategies are more important than mitigation strategies in responding to global climate change. To what extent do you agree with this statement? [10]