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IGCSE Geography Command Words |
Annotate |
Add labels of notes or short comments, usually to a diagram, map or photograph to describe or explain. |
Calculate |
Work out a numerical answer. In general, working should be shown, especially where two or more steps are involved. |
Compare |
Write about what is similar and different about two things. For a comparison, two elements or themes are required. Two separate descriptions do not make a comparison. |
Complete |
To add the remaining detail or details required. |
Contrast |
Write about the differences between two things. |
Define or State the meaning of or
What is meant by |
Give the meaning or definition of a word or phrase. |
Describe |
Write what something is like or where it is. Describe may be used for questions about
resources in the question paper (describe the trend of a graph, the location of a
settlement on a map, etc.). It may also be used when you need to describe something
from memory (describe a meander, etc.). It is often coupled with other command words such as Name and describe (name the feature and say what it is like), Describe and explain (say what it is like and give reasons for), |
Devise or Plan |
Presentation of a particular feature such as a form or questionnaire to meet a specific requirement or requirements. |
Draw |
Make a sketch of. Often coupled with a labelled diagram (draw a diagram/illustration with written notes to identify its features). |
Explain or Account for or Give reasons for |
Write about why something occurs or happens. |
Giving your views or Comment on |
Say what you think about something. |
How |
In what way? To what extent? By what means/method? May be coupled with Show how (prove how, demonstrate how). |
Identify |
Pick out something from information you have been given. |
Illustrating your answer |
Account for by using specific examples or diagrams. Often coupled with by a labelled diagram]. |
Insert or Label |
Placing specific names or details to an illustrative technique in response to a particular requirement. |
Justify |
Say why you chose something or why you think in a certain way. |
List |
Identify and name a number of features to meet a particular purpose. |
Locate |
Find where something is placed or state where something is found or mark it on a map or diagram. |
Measure |
Implies that the quantity concerned can be directly obtained from a suitable measuring instrument. |
Name |
To state or specify or identify. To give the word or words by which a specific feature is known or to give examples which illustrate a particular feature. |
Predict |
Use your own knowledge and understanding, probably along with information provided to state what might happen next. |
Refer to or With reference to |
Write an answer which uses some of the ideas provided in map/photograph/diagram, etc. or other additional material such as a case study: |
State |
Set down in brief detail. To refer to an aspect of a particular feature by a short statement or by words or by a single word. |
Study |
Look carefully at (usually one of the Figures in the question paper). |
Suggest |
Set down your ideas on or knowledge of. Often coupled with why [requires a statement or an explanatory statement referring to a particular feature or features]. |
Use or Using the information provided |
Base your answer on the information. |
With the help of information in |
Write an answer which uses some of the information provided as well as additional material. |
What |
Used to form a question concerned with selective ideas/details/factors. |
What differences are shown between A and B |
Use comparative statements to describe the changes involved as A changes to B. Factual descriptions of A and B are not required. |
Where |
At what place? To what place? From what place? |
Why |
For what cause or reason? |
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